Установка счетчика воды в частном доме: общие принципы

Производить инсталляцию индивидуальных счётчиков воды, которые позволяют значительно снизить степень затрат для оплаты водного ресурса, могут не только жители многоквартирных домов, то также и те, кто имеет свой собственный дом либо коттедж.

Сам монтаж расходометра практически во всех возможных случаях проводится одинаково, но имеются некоторые нюансы, связанные с местом, выбираемым для размещения устройств и дальнейшей их регистрации.

Где должны устанавливаться приборы учёта воды

В большинстве случаев, вопросов касательно того, где располагаются водосчётчики в помещении квартиры, не появляется – размещают их обычно в области трубопроводов, которые протягиваются от самих стояков с водой (холодной, горячей соответственно), после кранов для перекрытия сразу. В домах частного типа водные счётчики всегда инсталлируются в том месте, где труба водопроводная проходит в само здание. Чаще всего установочным местом становятся подвальные помещения. Вариант подобного рода представляет наибольшую оптимальность, если смотреть на ситуацию с перспективы удобства получения показаний со счётчик, а также соблюдения всех условий, которые связаны с эксплуатационным процессом самого расходометра.

Тем не менее, за последние месяца стала наблюдаться особенная тенденция: члены организаций, занимающихся вопросами водоснабжения, начали активно предъявлять свои требования к собственникам домов частного типа по поводу размещения водосчётчиков в области, где произведён отвод от магистрали центральной. В таком случае учётный прибор способен оказаться как вне стен здания, так и вне всего участка. Плюс ко всему, чтобы он оказался размещён, пользователю придётся оборудовать колодец специального типа.

Фирмы по водоснабжению такое требование привыкли обосновывать тем, ограничение возможности расхода жидкости в совершение обхода прибора учёта является процедурой необходимой из-за незаконных вырезок. Согласно такому объяснению мы можем вполне судить о том, что водосчётчики должны обязательно переноситься даже теми собственниками домов, у которых счётчик уже давно установлен и находится в эксплуатационном процессе не первый год, теперь же придётся осуществлять его замену.

В принципе, никакими законными основаниями не подтверждается правило, на основании которого компании по водоснабжению высказывают требования собственникам по несению вторыми дополнительных затрат, а также по инсталляции водосчётчиков вне территории частного здания. Это неоднократно подтверждалось в результатах проведения разбирательств в суде касательно данного спорного вопроса. Организация, занимающаяся поставками воды, должна держать на учёте устройство, вне зависимости от того, в каком месте была проиведена ег установка. Самое главное заключается в том, чтобы прибор сам оказался смонтирован согласно требованиям, которые предназначены для обеспечения максимальной точности измерений. Ещё очень важно, чтобы работал счётчик корректно.

Само собой, полная разводка сети водопроводной по всему зданию выполняться должна после прибора учёта.

Установка водосчётчика в доме частного типа

С перспективы чисто технической процедура монтажа учётного прибора, в общем и целом, проходит идентично монтажу в квартирном помещении. Вся разница заключается только в том, что водосчётчик здесь необходимо устанавливать только один единственный.

Процедура нагрева жидкости осуществляется во многих домах частного типа с помощью интегрированного вовнутрь оборудования, из-за чего внутрь дома проходит исключительно та труба, через которую протекает только холодная вода. Практически всегда она обладает довольно большим диаметром (обычно в квартире диаметр такой трубы оказывается сравнительно меньше). По данной причине перед установкой придётся учесть данные параметры, когда будете искать необходимый вам расходометр. Идентично процедуре инсталляции учётного прибора в квартирном помещении, необходимо устанавливать перед его лицевой стороной фильтр, позволяющий производить грубую очистку, после же него вам придётся заняться обратным клапаном.

Если вам не хочется обращаться за услугой установки к профессионалам, которые специализируются на проведении подобных работ, то у вас есть возможность проделать всю процедуру самостоятельным образом.

Устанавливать водосчётчики могут только фирмы, имеющие особое разрешение на это, а также лицензию на деятельность подобного рода. По сути, в официальном штате организации предлагают свои услуги по установки счётчиков воды только специалисты с высоким уровнем квалификации, имеющие профильное образование, а также очень большой рабочий опыт. На данный момент на территории РФ расположено огромное количество компаний, которые ведут деятельность по оборудованию жилых территорий водяными счётчиками.

 

Когда реализуется выбор какой-либо конкретной организации для проведения монтажных работ по приборам учёта расходуемых ресурсов, то важно в самом начале учесть такие важные факторы как репутация,  а также период существования организации на российском рынке. Компании проверенные и особо надёжные обычно могут предложить огромное количество услуг, связанных с монтажными работами, поверкой водяных приборов учёта, регистрацией, и ещё обслуживанием устройств бытового типа, которые учитывают расход воды (горячая и холодная).

Принципы работы водяных приборов учёта

Государственный реестр, содержащий в себе средства измерения РФ, зарегистрировал до 500 разновидностей приборов, предназначенных для расхода жидкости (горячей, холодной).

Счётчики выполняют свои функции согласно различным принципам. В зависимости от этого они могут подразделяться на:

• Приборы учёта тахометрические. В них обычно водный поток, который проходит через сам учётный прибор, способен оказывать прямое воздействие на турбину либо крыльчатку. Турбина обычно устанавливается во внутренней стороне корпуса устройства. Вращение движение турбины обычно подлежит преобразованию при помощи специального организма в показатели по расходу водных ресурсов цифрового типа. Согласно устройству счётчиков, подразделяются они на “сухие” и “мокрые”.

В приборе для измерения, конструкция которого является “мокрой”, механизм является преобразователем, омываемым водным потоком, который проходит сквозь измерительное устройство. Сама схема стоит недорого, однако позволяет обеспечивать максимальные точность и надёжность.

Самым главным недостатком является высокий уровень чувствительности к механическим примесям, которые могут присутствовать в водной массе. Таким особенностью не страдают приборы учёта, которые действуют согласно схеме “сухой”.

Механизм учёта располагается в коробке герметично закрытой, которая сделана из материала, не способного поддаваться воздействию на него магнитного поля. Регистрация поворотов турбин и крыльчаток проводится благодаря использованию 2-х вставок магнитного типа. Данный прибор в плане дороговизны оказывается гораздо выше.

• Приборы учёта электромагнитного типа. Дизайн корпуса такого измерительного устройства может напоминать катушку Майкла Фарадея. Водный поток, проходящий через прибор, выполняет функцию сердечника при передвижении. Благодаря силе, с которой работает индуцируемый ток, можно легко определять с какой скоростью проходит поток. Если ещё вы знаете, какой тип сечения имеет выходная труба, то можно реализовать вычисление объёма, который прошёл за ед.вр. Данное устройство предлагает высокую степень точности, однако приобретение его может очень сильно ударить по карману собственника жилья. В случае возникновения поломки, прибор нельзя будет отремонтировать.
• Ультразвуковые учётные приборы. В них скорость, с которой осуществляется прохождение потока, определяется через сравнение скорости прохождения звука согласно таким параметрам: по направлению движения воды и против направления движения воды. Обладают высокой точностью работы, надёжностью, однако из-за большой дороговизны их покупают гораздо реже, чем приборы учёта, которые были описаны в тексте выше.

Если прибор будет использоваться дома, то наиболее оптимальным вариантом будет приобретение тахометрического прибора учёта воды горячей, а также холодной. И лучше всего брать устройство, работающее с “мокрой” схемой.

Инсталлирование прибора: общие принципы

Стоит быть знакомым с фактом того, что инсталляция водяных приборов учёта дозволена не в каждом регионе на территории Российской Федерации. Чтобы получить точные сведения по данному вопросу вы можете обратиться к представителям местного отделения водоканала.

В том случае, если у вас есть возможность произвести самостоятельную установку прибора для измерения расходуемого ресурса, то придётся вам оформить заявление, в десятидневный период собственнику будет прислано разрешение, а также полный перечень требований, которым необходимо соответствовать, когда производится установка.

Наиболее распространёнными можно вправе считать предписания следующего характера:

1. Все приборы учёта подлежат сертификации во всех регионах РФ. В ином случае, вы не сможете пройти процедуру регистрации вашего устройства.
2. Любой счётчик должен быть оборудован специальным фильтром, отвечающим за грубую очистку. Его конструкция обладает такой особенностью, что может реализовывать перехват крупных механических включений. Такими включениями могут оказаться песок, окалина, которая образовывается в эксплуатационный период, а также при починке любого трубопровода. Схема подобного типа позволяет значительно снизить вероятность появления механических повреждений крыльчатки. Точность прибора благодаря этому оказывается максимальной.
3. Порой возникают ситуации, когда предъявляется требование установке клапана обратного типа. При таком раскладе отмотку счётчика проделать у пользователя не получится (имеется в виду метод использования пылесоса).
4. Прибор учёта подлежит установке в месте, которое находится не дальше такого расстояния: в 20-ти см от того входа, который проводится к магистрали. В данной ситуации нельзя осуществить процесс врезки в трубу для обхода прибора измерения.
5. Уровень температуры в комнате, оборудованной приборами учёта воды, не должен оказаться меньше плюс пяти градусов;
6. Каждый счётчик подлежит обязательному опломбированию специалистом организации по управлению, в противном же случае все показания их по воде перестанут приниматься, квитанция же пополнится ещё одной кругленькой суммой – штрафом.

Когда вы покупаете счётчик, очень важно проверить, есть ли технический паспорт в комплекте, также необходимо сверить номер устройства заводского типа с данными, которые указаны в официальной документации. Если имеется какое-либо несоответствие, то член организации не сможет провести пломбировку прибора для измерения. В итоге, деньги и нервы ваши будут истрачены впустую.

Та же самая причина указывает на то, что покупать в неспециализированном магазине прибор не стоит. В случае если табло указывает вам на некоторые показатели, которые не соответствуют нулю, то помните, что все эти данные будут в обязательном порядке находиться на карту учёта, по причине чего отсчёт израсходованного объёма будет вестись именно от этих показателей. В большинстве случаев комплект учётного прибора включает в себя кран запорный, а также муфту, переходник, прибор учёта и фильтр для проведения очистки в грубом режиме. Если возникает необходимость в переходе на трубу из металлопластика с обычного металла, то придётся совершить покупку фитингов.

Приборы же, предназначенные для учёта жидкости горячей, а не холодной, обычно маркируют при помощи красной полоски. Полное число учётных систем, которые ставятся в помещения жилого типа, может зависеть от полного объёма стояков для воды горячей. Подобный набор различных обычно предъявляют к ресурсам, которые задействует установщик во время монтажных работ.

90000 Wiring water supply pipes in an apartment and a private house: schemes and rules 90001 90002 If you decide to start a renovation in the bathroomor a bathroom of your apartment or house, you can not do without the replacement of communications. Not always it is a matter of dismantling pipes and installing new ones. If you want to take up the cardinal arrangement of the premises, it is better to make ergonomics of useful space, to divide or combine the toilet and bathroom, adding rooms with modern household and sanitary equipment, and also to make the design more perfect.Such measures will be accompanied by the laying of water mains and drainage pipes. At the same time, you should know how the water supply pipes are routed according to the rules. 90003 90004 Dismantling the circuit 90005 90002 The transformation of the bathroom should bea certain plan, which is a key moment in creating comfort and comfort in the home. Pipe lay-out provides for a unified system, which indicates the interconnection of all elements among themselves for functional and efficient operation.If the distribution of water supply pipes in the bathroom and the bathroom is carried out correctly, even the smallest room sizes will make this corner of the home comfortable. To begin with, it is necessary to develop a scheme for the location of plumbing products, to which the pipeline will be supplied. If the toilet is separate, the wiring must be carried out in conjunction with the bathroom. 90003 90004 Choice of installation method 90005 90002 Once the layout of the water supply pipes wasdeveloped, you can think about how all this will be implemented in practice.With this there should be no special difficulties, because wiring is done in an open or hidden way. The first requires the location of communications from the outside. Thus installation works do not allow to achieve aesthetic appeal of the system. This is true, even if all communications are located closer to the surface of the floor. 90003 90002 A hidden method involves the installation of pipes inwall constructions. In the question of visual perception in this case, everything is in order. The trunks will not be visible, but it will be difficult to perform the installation.Stroking, for example, takes a lot of effort. With concealed wiring, such manipulations can not be performed in load-bearing walls. When a water supply distribution scheme is created, you need to determine how the pipes will be located: 90003 90014 90015 collector; 90016 90015 sequentially; 90016 90015 with plug-in sockets. 90016 90021 90002 The latter method is practically not used in everyday life, it can be entrusted only to professionals, therefore it is recommended to consider the first two methods.90003 90004 Sequential layout 90005 90002 This version of wiring has one importantthe advantage of simplicity. The trunk will be laid in stages, with one device to be connected to the other. If you consider this technology from the point of view of installation, then this option will be an excellent solution. This scheme of water distribution pipes has a drawback, which is in the process of operation. The water pressure will be distributed unevenly, which is especially noticeable when using several devices at the same time.90003 90004 Collector wiring diagram 90005 90002 This method involves the installation of a craneeach pipe that fits the device. This allows repairs without shutting down the system. The manifold distribution of water supply pipes in the bathroom allows creating a pipeline section for each of the devices. The distribution of water will be carried out evenly, for each point of water intake. You should remember that in the absence of experience this method can be too tough, it requires effort and patience.In addition, the technology is accompanied by increased consumption of materials. Any variant of wiring provides for the need to observe a minimum number of junctions and bends. The system should be as complete as possible. 90003 90004 The basic principles of the distribution of pipes for apartments 90005 90002 Before repairing an apartment you may encounteronly with the need for planning the layout of the water supply system. Central heating is designed by builders. You can only move the radiators slightly.Piping of water supply pipes in a new building may require compliance with other rules. In such houses, horizontal distributions are often found for each apartment. The joints in this case will be located on the stairs, while the radiators are inside the apartment, and they are combined by a complicated barrack-type distribution. It provides for looping around the perimeter. In this case, the distribution of water supply pipes in the apartment gives the imagination of the designer. 90003 90002 But this case can not be called typical, andChanges are reduced only to the transfer of batteries.The wiring, to all other things, can be mixed. At the same time, the wiring to the mixer is made independent, while the washing machine and the toilet bowl can be fed in series. In conventional apartments, a serial wiring is used. It is easier to perform, it requires less material. The wall in this case will be decorated with only two pipes, not 10 or 6. 90003 90004 Typical wiring for an apartment 90005 90002 The distribution of water supply pipes in the apartment is usuallyprovides for the use of a typical scheme.In the pantry or bathroom are the risers, the outlets of which are provided with two valves. After them a tee is installed, from which the tank is fed. With the welded joint, the next step is to remove the mixer, which is installed on the pipes. The latter are attached to the wall using brackets. In the kitchen, a mixer is installed on the sink and connected with flexible hoses. 90003 90004 Variations of wiring for an apartment 90005 90002 Rules for the distribution of pipes in the water supply system canChange, if it is a question of hostels or small families.In this case, two risers go to the apartment. The kitchen faucet is powered from the risers, in the wiring the wiring conforms to the rules described above. In the bathroom there is a coil. 90003 90002 In the «Khrushchev» you can find towel warmers, through which water enters the mixer. They warm up only from the water intake. More exotic options can be found in old apartments where towel warmers are fed from a separate riser or represent winter heating and water supply systems that are closed to each other.In old buildings, the tanks have a separate sidebar, which is an excellent idea, given the overgrowth of water pipes made of steel. 90003 90004 Bonding for a private house 90005 90002 Piping water supply pipes in a private house cancoincide with wiring in the apartments. For the bathroom and kitchen, which are located side by side, a sequential circuit can be used. If there are several bathrooms and bathrooms, then a collector wiring should be used. It is good that the water flow will not cause the pressure drop on other points of the water intake.90003 90002 Do not underestimate the diameter of the input. Before the collector, this parameter should be equal to the diameter of the pipe, which is a step larger than the wiring. 90003 90004 Heating for a private house 90005 90002 Now you know how to wiringwater supply pipes in a private house. However, it is also important to know about the heating system. It can be equipped with a radial, two-tube or single-tube method. The first one is called collector and allows you to adjust the temperature in all the batterie 90003.90000 Changing to a water meter 90001 90002 You either pay your water bill based on a fixed rate or on the actual amount of water you use, measured with a water meter. 90003 90002 This page explains your right to have a meter installed and the pros and cons of switching to a meter. 90003 90006 90007 Your right to have a meter installed 90008 90009 90002 You have a right to be charged for your water on the basis of what you use. This means you have a right to have a meter installed free of charge, unless it’s not practical or is unreasonably expensive to do this.Tenants also have the right to ask for a meter if their tenancy agreement is for six months or longer. 90003 90002 If you’re considering changing to a water meter, you should contact your water company. You could do this by phone, or you may be able to apply on their website. 90003 90002 If you can not have a water meter installed for any reason, your water company may be able to put you on a cheaper tariff to save money. 90003 90002 In some areas, the water company is introducing 90007 universal water metering 90008, so everyone will be given a meter.90003 90002 If you ask for a meter, a company should install it within three months. In areas where free meters are being offered for the first time, this period may be six months. 90003 90006 90007 When is it a good idea to consider changing to a water meter? 90008 90009 90002 Changing to a water meter may benefit you if you do not use much water. 90003 90002 It may also be worth changing to a meter if your property has a 90007 high rateable value 90008. This is because some water bills are based on the rateable value of the property.Before April 1990, every property in England and Wales was given a rateable value, based on how much the property could be let for. A good rule of thumb is that you could pay less if there are fewer people in your property than there are bedrooms. 90003 90002 If you change to a water meter, the company will come to read your meter. You will not know exactly what you’re going to be charged in every bill because the amount of water you use could increase if extra people come to live with you or if you buy any new water-using appliances.90003 90002 You will be responsible for paying for any water that leaks. However, a water company will not normally charge for the first leak in an underground supply pipe. 90003 90002 Many water companies have water usage calculators on their website, to help you work out how much you are likely to pay if you have a meter. You can also use a calculator on the Consumer Council for Water website at www.ccwater.org.uk. 90003 90002 If you find you are not better off after changing to a meter, you can usually change back to how the bill was paid before within twelve months.You can not do this if you have moved into a property where a meter is already installed, or if universal metering has been introduced for everyone in your area. 90003 90002 90007 If you are a tenant 90008 90003 90002 If you’re a tenant, you can still ask for a meter. 90003 90002 If you have a fixed-term tenancy agreement of less than six months, you must ask the landlord’s permission. If your fixed-term tenancy agreement is longer than six months, you do not need your landlord’s permission to have a meter but your tenancy agreement may require you to ask their permission for alterations to the property.90003 90002 You may need advice if your landlord does not agree to you having a meter, as any disagreements could cause problems when renewing the tenancy. 90003 90006 90007 Help with your water bills 90008 90009 90002 Watersure is a scheme which helps some people with their water bills. To apply for the scheme, you must be on benefits and need to use a lot of water either for medical reasons or because your household has a certain number of school-age children. You also need to be on a water meter or be waiting to have one installed.90003 90006 90007 Next steps 90008 90009 90006 90007 Other useful information 90008 90009 90064 90065 To find out which water company supplies your area and for more help with water issues, go to the 90007 Consumer Council for Water’s 90008 website at: www.ccwater.org.uk. 90068 90069 .90000 Installing a water meter in your property can stop cash draining away 90001 90002 Installing a water meter in your property can stop cash draining away 90003 90004 By Toby Walne for The Mail on Sunday 90005 90004 Published: 90007 21:08 BST, 7 April 2012 90008 | Updated: 90007 21:08 BST, 7 April 2012 90008 90005 90012 90012 90004 Cleaning up: Susan Brady has cut her bills thanks to a water-saving valve 90015 90005 90004 Hosepipe bans being introduced to tackle the drought could end up saving some homeowners money — if they use the water shortage to install a meter.90015 90005 90004 Only a third of all households are connected to a water meter. The rest pay a flat fee linked to the rateable value of the property. Although the amount of water that households use varies widely, most will save money by switching to a meter. 90015 90005 90004 According to regulator Ofwat, the average water bill including sewerage for households on a meter is £ 325 a year compared with £ 379 for those not on a meter. 90015 90005 90004 Bereavement counsellor Susan Brady, 55, from Willaston, Cheshire, believes switching to a meter means she now uses 20 per cent less water and her bills now work out at about £ 300 a year.90015 90005 90004 Susan, who shares a four-bedroom detached home with her partner, building site manager Steven Skelton, also 55, says: ‘I do not run as many baths as I used to because a meter soon makes you realise how much water you are using. Of course it’s not just about money, but doing something for the environment. ‘90015 90005 90004 Susan also spent £ 150 for a water-saving valve to be attached to the combination boiler she recently had fitted. The CombiSave device ensures water is not wasted by offering almost instant heat from hot water taps without having to run them first.90005 90004 90005 90004 The Ofwat website enables customers to calculate their water usage and the kind of savings they can expect by switching to a meter. As a rule of thumb, households with more bedrooms than people tend to do best from switching. 90015 90005 90004 Switching to a meter is simple and free, needing just a phone call to the local water authority to arrange when the work can be done. 90015 90005 90004 Jacob Tompkins, managing director at campaign body Waterwise, says: ‘You can instantly cut your bill by thinking twice before running taps or flushing the loo.Installing a meter is not about trapping you into a contract, but helping you manage water use and enabling you to be more in control of your bills. ‘90015 90005 90004 Waterwise offers practical advice on how to cut your bill along with information on other water saving devices that homeowners can use. 90015 90005 90004 Tompkins says: ‘There are some great gadgets out there — everything from devices in toilet cisterns to shower heads that cut usage in half by spraying air as well as water. 90015 90005 90004 ‘If your budget runs to £ 1,000, you can even install hidden devices that will recycle «dirty» bath and shower water to flush the toilet.’90015 90005 90004 Tompkins says even if you do not have a meter, cutting down on hot water use will mean big savings — about 25 per cent of energy bills are for heating water. 90015 90005 90004 The Environment Agency says the average person uses 148 litres of water a day. About 45 per cent of this goes down the drain after washing in the bath, sink or shower while a further third is flushed down the toilet. Dishwashers and washing machines soak up much of the rest. 90015 90005 90004 Lord Smith, chairman of the Environment Agency, says: ‘Too often we assume that water is an infinitely available resource.90015 90005 90004 ‘We need to realise it is a precious, finite and essential ingredient for life. We must use it wisely. ‘90005 90004 Do your bit in the drought 90005 90004 GARDEN: Let the grass grow. Shade helps soil retain water. Water plants with bath water. Hosepipes can use 220 gallons an hour. Breaking the ban can lead to a £ 1,000 fine. 90015 90005 90004 TAPS: They can use two gallons of water a minute. Wash vegetables and fruit in a bowl. Turn off the tap when cleaning your teeth. 90015 90005 90004 TOILET: Put a water-saving device in the cistern — it can save half a gallon from a typical two-gallon water flush.90015 90005 90004 CONSIDER other devices such as eco-shower heads, instant hot water taps and toilet flush units using ‘dirty’ water. 90015 90005 90004 SHOWER rather than bath. A five-minute shower can use nine gallons of water — less than half that typically used in a bath. 90015 90005 90004 Ofwat, 0121 644 7500, ofwat.gov.uk. Waterwise, 0203 463 2400, waterwise.org.uk. Information on water usage is available on the the Environment Agency ‘drought’ link; environment-agency.gov.uk. CombiSave, 0500 605146, combisave.com. 90015 90005 90004 Some links in this article may be affiliate links. If you click on them we may earn a small commission. That helps us fund This Is Money, and keep it free to use. We do not write articles to promote products. We do not allow any commercial relationship to affect our editorial independence. 90005.90000 HOW TO DRIVER WATER TO THE PRIVATE HOUSE. CLEANING AND RESETTING USED WATER. | | With Your Hands 90001 90002 Pump equipment 90003 90004 If water is taken from the well, a pumping system is constructed. Its design depends on the diameter and depth of the well. A conventional centrifugal pump can not pump water from a depth of more than 9 m. For this purpose, a special submersible pump is designed. Its parameters depend on the flow of water and head. If the pump delivers water from a depth of 20 m, and its nominal head is 50 m, the water pressure on the surface will be 30 m, or 3 atm.And if you take into account its delivery to the second floor and the loss of hydraulic resistance — about 2 atm. This is not enough. Usually, if the well is not far from a house that has no more than three floors, the pump is selected from the calculation of 40 m head «plus» the dynamic water level «plus» 20%. The required pump capacity, measured in l / min, should be equivalent to the number of draw-off points multiplied by six (water flow from one tap). Another option is a pumping station. It can be placed in a well near the well or in the basement of the house.A station with a centrifugal pump necessarily includes a check valve on the inflation line so that when it is lifted, the water column does not fall back into the well. The pump is fitted with a coarse filter, a shut-off valve and a pressure switch. The latter is necessary to shut down the pump when the pressure in the water supply system reaches 3,5-4,5 atm. (The water is not consumed, the accumulator is full). Then connect the accumulator. It smoothes the water hammering that occurs when the pump is started, and also serves to accumulate 20-80 l water, depending on its size.If the tenants need a little water — for example, to wash their hands or use the toilet — water for these purposes will provide the stock accumulated in the accumulator. The fewer pump starts, the longer the system will last. 90005 90002 Types of pipes for plumbing 90003 90004 Steel pipes in a modern private house — an anachronism. Usually choose between copper, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or metalloplastikovymi. If we are talking about a hot water supply system, to this list add pipes from modified heat-resistant polyvinyl chloride.The pressure in the water supply system of a private house is small (it does not exceed 5 atm.), So pipes suitable for its installation are suitable for any pressure. and copper pipes are the most reliable (their service life is 60 years and more) and at the same time expensive. They are easily bent, and breakthroughs in them are practically excluded. But the use of such pipes in a private house is hardly justified: they will survive the construction itself. And the water in them quickly cools. Polyethylene pipes are the cheapest.They are harmless to health and chemically inert. Connect with welding, threaded connections or crimping. Polyvinyl chloride pipes are easy to install. And polyvinylchloride allows you to make permanent joints by gluing together, and to produce reliable enough shaped products with thread. and the metal-plastic pipes are convenient in that they keep the shape after bending, so that their marking and cutting do not require high accuracy. Some of the plastic pipes have a centimeter marking, which helps to carry out calculations.Pipes need to be laid before finishing works, so that the latter can hide the wiring 90005 90002 Water supply schemes for a private house 90003 90004 In the general collector water is divided into hot and cold. The branch of hot water is additionally equipped with a water heater — flow or storage. Further, the distribution of water supply pipes is possible according to two schemes: sequential and parallel, with common collectors for cold and hot water. The first scheme requires fewer pipes, so it is cheaper.However, it has a drawback: during a significant draw-off, the pressure in the near cranes is higher than in the far ones. In addition, the waiting period for heated water in distant areas may be significant (the water in the pipes cools). The diameters of the main pipeline are usually 32-40 mm, the taps to the draw-off points are 16 mm. But if the output of two consumers (put a tee for branching) or assume a large flow, use a pipe diameter of 20 mm. More popular is the parallel wiring: from the «comb» — the collector — a separate pipeline is laid to each point of the draw-off.The «comb» can be several. This scheme, unlike the previous one, is convenient in that the pressure and flow in all branches of the collector are the same, and the hot water path from the heater to the consumer is less. Another advantage is the absence of hidden connections in the floors or walls, which in the event of an accident greatly facilitates the repair work. Disadvantages — more pipes and a higher cost. The diameter of the pipes leading from the collector to the points of draw-off, as in the previous case, is equal to 16 mm.According to this scheme, no more than two pumping points located side by side are connected in series, which, as a rule, do not operate at the same time (for example, a bidet and a washbasin), and a pipe with a diameter of 20 mm is used. Hot water supply allows a third, closed circuit — the most convenient for residents. In this case, a built-in pump is used to circulate. Due to this, the temperature of the hot water is maintained (outside the circulation zone, the length of the pipe sections does not exceed 1 m), and its waiting time is minimal.Towel warmers can be attached to this pipeline, which will play the role of heating devices, which will allow them to use also when the heating system does not work. Disadvantages of this scheme are increased heat consumption, significant pipe length and the highest cost. In addition, it is necessary to install a non-return valve in the supply line of the oxen to the hot water supply system. 90005 90004 90005 90002 Installation of meters for water 90003 90004 The owners of private scraps connected to the centralized water supply do not need pumping equipment, but they can not get a water meter on the water.Homeowners are dealing directly with the vodokanal, which maintains an autonomous account of used water. And if the house is not equipped with a special meter, the owner will have to pay an inflated rate, which the vodokanal indicates. When concluding a water supply contract with a water canal, the landlord must provide project documentation, which indicates the diameter of the pipeline and the conditional amount of necessary oxen. On the basis of this information, the Vodokanal issues a certificate-recommendation, in which it is written, which counter is suitable for this building.The meters are installed by specialists of organizations that have a state license to install such equipment. Having sealed the counter, the representatives of the water canal issue the act of acceptance and commissioning to the client. It records the readings from which the countdown begins. 90005 90002 Pipeline laying 90003 90004 Pipes of water supply, usually before finishing works and pouring the floor under it or on walls and then hide under plaster, ceramic tile or concrete screed. Often there are special channels for pipelines.Hot water pipelines must be provided with thermal insulation. It can be a polyethylene foam shell or a conventional corrugated sleeve. Isolation not only performs its direct function, but also provides compensation for temperature deformations. As a general rule, the ball valves are placed in front of the detachable assemblies so that in the event of an accident or routine maintenance, it is possible to cut off the necessary branch of the water pipe. For serial connection, ball valves are usually placed near the points of draw-off, on branches.If you have chosen a parallel circuit, there are enough cranes located on the collector: with their help you can turn off any branch. In addition to pipes for laying the water supply, the so-called fittings — corners, tees and couplings — will be needed. Maintenance-free joints (those that hide plaster or concrete) are made integral, and those that can be accessed are detachable (threaded). Usually, one-piece joints are preferred, since threaded ones are less reliable. After installation, but before sealing in the walls or the floor, the branch of the water pipe must be pressed — fill with water under pressure above the working one and leave approximately for a day with the pump disconnected.This is necessary to timely detect and eliminate leaks. The pressure in the branch is monitored by means of a manometer. If it is unstable, you need to look for leaks in the joints and redo the site. Soldering is an easy, and therefore a common way of connecting plastic pipes. If necessary, pipelines should be insulated with foamed polyethylene 90005 90002 Filtration of tap water 90003 90004 Miraculous systems that make water absolutely pure, do not exist. In addition, the «ideal» water intended for drinking and domestic needs varies in composition.For example, for washing, bathing and dishwashing, soft water with a minimum content of hardness salts is most suitable, and in the case of a drinking oxen, a certain hardness is best appreciated: solutes dissolved in water improve its taste. To get quality water from a natural well, use regenerated filters or a membrane water purification unit that works on the principle of reverse osmosis (nanofiltration). The content of hardness salts and iron in water from a water pipe is usually acceptable.Only water intended for drinking, it is desirable to cleanse from residual chlorine and chlorine-organic substances. With this task, the installation of reverse osmosis of low power successfully copes. Such installations are often used and in order to additionally clean the deferred and softened water for drinking. The primary analysis of water is carried out by certified laboratories and firms involved in the installation of water treatment equipment. Their services can be free of charge (express analysis for stiffness, iron content and pH) or paid:.Based on the results of the analysis, the quantity and type of equipment are chosen. The deironing unit with a pressure aerator is used at a high iron content in the initial water. This scheme also allows you to get rid of hydrogen sulfide. 90005 90004 By the way, of course, it may not be entirely in keeping with the topic, because here we are talking about water supply, but also a useful article — How to find water on the site yourself — search for water with a vine and without 90005 90002 The device of a cesspool 90003 90004 The simplest and cheapest solution to the problem of recycling wastewater is a sealed container in which waste water is collected from the house.They are pumped out as the pit is filled. The use of pits without a bottom with filtration is prohibited. Waste water storage facilities should be designed in the form of wells. To maximize the use of their volume, sewage oxen are fed as high as possible. The bottom of the well should be at a depth of no more than 3 m from the ground surface (so that the sewage system can drain the sewage). Such a cesspool is constructed of prefabricated reinforced concrete rings, monolithic concrete or solid clay bricks and is provided with waterproofing.The accumulator is covered with a lid, which must provide thermal insulation (use mineral wool or polystyrene). If it is necessary to increase the volume of the settler, it is possible to provide several tanks connected by a branch pipe. The level of accumulation can be controlled by installing a float switch. Alya ventilation in the ceiling of the drive is installed a riser with a diameter of at least 100 mm with an output of 700 mm above the planning level of the ground. And most importantly, you need to provide access to the sump of the sewage machine.Disadvantages of the cesspool are possible odor, dependence on the efficiency and cleanliness of the sewage system, as well as payment for cleaning services. 90005 90002 Biological cleaning systems 90003 90004 This is perhaps the most effective method of wastewater treatment. It is based on the vital activity of microorganisms originally present in sewage oxen. Such purification systems are of two kinds. The first one is self-supporting, they are simply buried in the ground, only hatches for maintenance leave the surface.In places where they are installed, transportation is prohibited. The second is non-load bearing, they are mounted inside ferro-concrete wells in the places of transport passage or with a high level of groundwater. Both do not need a bacterial «leaven». With the help of aeration (artificial air supply), biological processing of sewage is accelerated, and harmful organic substances are oxidized, decaying into harmless ones. The main equipment of such cleaning systems is divided into compartments: a primary settler (in fact, the same septic tank), an activator and a secondary settler.Sewage enters the primary settling tank, where floating pollution is separated from heavy components. Pre-cleaned waste fluid is sent to the activator, to the bottom of which (with the help of a compressor) air is supplied. In an oxygen medium, microorganisms absorb and oxidize organic substances. After processing a portion of these substances from the purified water, the activated sludge is separated, which returns to the contaminated runoff. In such installations there are no unpleasant odors, and the degree of sewage purification at the outlet is about 98%.Purified water goes to the ground through drainage ditches or wells. In fact, they resemble other wells. But, firstly, they are almost three times smaller. And secondly, due to the high degree of cleaning of the oxen (up to a septic tank — 98%, after — 50-60%) drainage devices in the foreseeable future are not threatened with siltation, and the owner — a significant amount of «dirty» work. The main disadvantage of a biological purification system is energy dependence 90005 90002 Natural cleaning systems 90003 90004 A septic tank is an underground sedimentation tank consisting of one or more compartments through which sewage flows in succession.In septic tanks, mechanical cleaning takes place (due to sedimentation of water with formation of sediment and floating substances), as well as partial biological purification (due to the decomposition of organic contaminants). In addition, in septic tanks, flotation treatment of wastewater is carried out with the help of gases released during the decomposition of the sediment. They split complex organic molecules into simpler ones. As a result, the effluents are cleared of suspended solids by 50-60% and from organic compounds — by 30-40%.After that, they enter the field of filtration (biofilter), where the cleaning takes place in a layer of rubble and surrounding layers of soil under the action of biofilms of bacteria. The filter layer in this structure is gradually clogged by suspended particles. Through 5-10 years it will need to be replaced or washed. Such an individual sewerage system is suitable if the site is located on filtering grounds (sand, sandy loam), ground water is at a depth of at least 2 m, and in the radius of 25 m there are no wells for drinking water supply.The minimum distance from the septic tank to the dwelling should be 5 m. The insoluble fractions at the bottom of such a settler must be taken out once or twice a year. The septic tank is non-volatile (that is, its operation is not related to electricity) and is inexpensive compared to the intensified bio-purification system. 90005 90002 Requirements for external pipelines 90003 90004 Laying external sewerage systems, it is necessary to comply with SNiPs. Here are their main requirements: The minimum diameter of external pipelines for gravity sewerage should be 100 mm, slope — 0,01%, and if pipe diameter 150mm — 0,008%; The minimum depth of laying pipelines from the ground to the top of the pipe in places where vehicles can travel must be at least 0,7m, in other places — 0,5 m.It is desirable to lay pipelines below the freezing depth (1,2-0,8 m), otherwise the sewage obstruction is not excluded. If pipelines have to be laid above the depth of freezing, they must be insulated (sprinkled with an ass, claydite or other materials). In this case, it is necessary to protect the thermal insulation from water, draining the construction site; Wells must be covered with covers with thermal insulation, so that the sewage pipes do not freeze; The angle between the connecting pipe and the discharge pipe must be at least 90 °.If the technology is not met, the system can not cope with the discharged water and sewage. 90045 90045 90005 90048 90049 TOOLS FOR MASTERS AND MASTERS, AND HOME GOODS ARE VERY CHEAP. FREE SHIPPING. THERE ARE REVIEWS. 90050 90051 90052 Below other entries on the topic «How to make your own hands — a householder!» 90053 90054 Laying and installation of drainage pipes on the site with their own hands How to make the installation of drainage … 90055 90054 Water in the country with their own hands is the cheapest way We spend the water in the holiday home… 90055 90054 What and how to do — a well or a well? 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