Как сделать индукционный нагреватель и печь из сварочного инвертора

Отопительная система – важная составляющая любого дома. Её можно назвать «сердцем» жилища, ведь именно тепло формирует уют и атмосферу.
Рынок изобилует различными видами газовых котлов, потому что они считаются самыми эффективными. Однако газовая магистраль может быть расположена довольно далеко, поэтому в данном случае электрическое оборудование выходит на первый план. Довольно популярны индукционные котлы. Достоинством этого типа обогрева является то, что индукционная печь из сварочного инвертора без проблем изготавливается своими руками.  На основе вихревых током можно сконструировать также индукционный нагреватель для металла, взяв за источник тока сварочный инвертор.

Принцип работы

Нагревательный элемент представлен набором трёх элементов:

1. Нагревательный элемент – трубка (обычно металлическая или полимерная). Находится в индукторном элементе. Внутри него имеется теплоноситель.
2. Генератор переменного тока (альтернатор) увеличивает показатели частоты бытовой сети (делает их выше стандарта в 50 Гц).
3. Индуктор – медная цилиндрическая катушка из проволоки, являющаяся генератором электромагнитного поля.

Принцип конструирования нагревателя ТВЧ

Теория применения индукционных нагревателей значительно опережала практику по той причине, что использование устройств с низкой частотой не приносило бы адекватной пользы. Однако после решения проблемы о выработке высокой частоты магнитного поля, индукционные элементы стали широко использоваться.
Чтобы понять, как сделать индукционный нагреватель, сначала нужно рассмотреть, как он работает. Принципы работы довольно прост:

1. Генератор оперирует токами высокой частоты (ТВЧ). В индуктор передаётся высокочастотный ток из генератора.
2. Катушка принимает ток. Она является преобразователем, так как на выходе получается уже электромагнитное поле.
3. Повышается температура нагревательного элемента, благодаря вихревым потокам, возникающим от смены вектора поля. Энергия передаётся практически без потерь.
4. Также нагревается теплоноситель, расположенный внутри трубы, а энергия передаётся в систему отопления.

Плюсы и минусы

Индукционные электронагреватели выделяются рядом важных преимуществ, выраженных в следующих характеристиках:

1. На нагревательном элементе исключено образование накипи, так как создаётся вибрация посредством воздействия вихревых токов. Отсюда следует, что траты на чистку котлов отсутствуют.
2. Теплогенератор вихревого типа герметичен, даже самодельный. Поэтому протечки в котлах стопроцентно исключены. Это достигается за счёт принципа работы теплогенератора: теплоноситель разогревается внутри металлической трубы, а энергия передаётся на расстоянии через электромагнитное поле. Разъёмные соединения отсутствуют.
3. Нагревательный элемент не нужно ремонтировать или заменять, так как это металлическая трубка. А вот нагревательная спираль ТЭНа вполне может перегореть, так что конструкция для нагрева металла из сварочного инвертора безопасна в это отношении.
4. Индукционный нагреватель из сварочного инвертора беззвучен, хоть он и вибрирует. Частота вибрации попросту мала по сравнению со слышимыми звуковыми волнами.
5. Немаловажное достоинство – это низкие затраты на сборку.

Несмотря на важные преимущества, у индукционных нагревателей есть ряд недостатков:

1. Нахождение в непосредственной близости от нагревателя может быть опасно, так как разогревается не только нагревательный элемент, то и ближайшее к нему пространство.
2. Обогревание дома на электричестве обходится дороже по сравнению с газом. Поэтому перед тем, как сделать индукционный нагреватель из сварочного инвертора, неплохо подсчитать будущие затраты.
3. Присутствует опасность детонации котла по причине перегрева теплоносителя. Чтобы избежать этой проблемы, обычно устанавливают датчик давления.

Конструирование электронагревателя

Чтобы начать создание индукционного нагревателя своими руками, необходимо подготовить детали:

1. Корпус устройства –труба из полимера диаметром 50 мм, которая должна выдерживать высокие температуры.
2. Нагреваемый элемент – проволока из нержавеющего металла.
3. Держатель для кусков проволоки – металлическая сетка с маленькими отверстиями.
4. Составляющая индуктора – проволока из меди.
5. Прибор для подачи воды – циркуляционный насос.
6. Устройство для контроля температуры – терморегулятор.
7. Подключение к отоплению – шаровые краны и переходники.
8. Кусачки.

Принципиальная схема, использующая принцип последовательного резонанса

Инвертор от устройства для сварки.

Формирование электромагнитного поля за пределами индуктора требует мощной катушки с большим количеством витков, да и согнуть трубу тоже дело не из лёгких. Поэтому мастера рекомендуют сделать из трубы подобие сердечника, поместив её в индукционную катушку.
Вообще, корпус устройства задумывался металлическим, но, в силу малых размеров индуктора, трубу заменяют на полимерную с металлической проволокой внутри.
После сбора необходимых деталей можно приступить к изготовлению индукционного котла по приведённой ниже схеме. Нужно обратить внимание на последовательность шагов, так как от соблюдения этапов зависит результат.

Сначала нужно закрепить металлическую сетку на один из концов полимерной трубы, чтобы нагревательные кусочки проволоки не проваливались во время эксплуатации.

С этого же конца трубы закрепляется переходник для дальнейшего соединения с отоплением.

Далее нужно нарезать проволоку, используя кусачки. Длина кусочков варьируется от 1 до 6 см.
Потом эти кусочки нужно максимально плотно уложить в трубу так, чтобы в ней не оставалось свободного пространства.

Второй конец трубы проходит те же 2 начальных этапа: установка металлической сетки и переходника.
Далее начинается этап изготовления индуктора: нужно намотать медную проволоку, при этом норма витков составляет 80-90 штук.
К полюсам инвертора нужно подключить концы медной проволоки.

Важно: Необходимо изолировать все электрические соединения. Этот этап лучше перепроверить несколько раз.После этого нужно подключить обогреватель к отоплению.

Нужно монтировать в систему отопления циркуляционный насос (если он отсутствовал).
И, наконец, подключается терморегулятор. Он обеспечивает автоматизированную работу нагревателя.

Индуктор начинает создавать электромагнитное поле после запуска инвертора. Появляются вихревые потоки, нагревающие проволоку внутри трубы, и как итог – весь теплоноситель.

 

Так, создание индукционного нагревателя на базе сварочного инвертора довольно несложное дело. Тем более, у данного типа обогревания есть множество плюсов, которые вытекают в эффективность, долговечность оборудования и низкие финансовые затраты. Однако нужно помнить о мерах предосторожности, чтобы не пришлось переделывать всю работу заново, подбирать качественные детали и сохранять поэтапность сборки нагревателя.

90000 Is A Cheap Inverter Welder Worth It? 90001 90002 We’ve all seen cheap welders for sale from the usual online sources, small inverter stick welders for a very tempting price. But are they any good? When my local supermarket had one in its offers aisle, I took the plunge and placed it in my cart alongside the usual week’s supply of Marmite. That was some time around the start of the year. 90003 90004 Does Your Supermarket Sell Welders? 90005 My Workzone welder from the supermarket.90002 What I’d bought from my local Aldi was a Workzone WWIW-80, an 80 A unit that had cost me somewhere just over £ 60 (about $ 75), and came with welding leads and a rather poor quality face shield. The German discount supermarket chains specialise in periodic offers on all kinds of interesting things, so a very similar unit has also been for sale with a Parkside brand from their competitor Lidl. These small inverter welders are fairly generic, so they can be found with a variety of brands and specifications at a lower price online if you do not mind forgoing the generous Aldi 3 year guarantee.The cheapest I’ve seen was about £ 35, or $ 44, but that price included only the inverter, without welding leads. 90003 90002 As a working blacksmith my dad has had a high-quality inverter welder since the 1990s, so my frame of reference is based upon that. He tried one of the first tiny inverters when they originally came to market in the last decade, but it could not take the demands of a professional welder and packed up. I thus did not have high expectations of this unit, but I needed one of my own and for the price it was worth the punt.I’ve used it for occasional general purpose heavy welding tasks, repairing bits of farm machinery and fittings, and rebuilding some steps on a narrowboat in 7 mm plate. It’s acquitted itself well in those tasks, in that I am not a skilled welder and my work is not the tidiest, but it’s allowed me to do a satisfactory job. 90003 90004 How Do These Welders Perform? 90005 This is a stick weld on 1mm thickness tube using a 2.5mm rod at 40A. It’s not the best weld you’ll ever see, but that someone with my limited skill could do this I find amazing.90002 It’s now a long time since inverter welders were new, so perhaps fewer readers will be using AC stick welders than might once have been the case. For me the comparison is one of smoothness, my relative lack of welding skill reveals itself in finding the inverter less easy to strike an arc than my dad would have, but once that arc is under way it’s so much easier to draw it and control it . I can fill holes with weld much more easily with an inverter welder, and the better control of current means that I can more easily deal with lighter work where someone of my abilities would normally be better served with a MIG welder.90003 90002 To demonstrate this I decided to push the limit a little, and try the Workzone welder with some offcuts of 1 mm thickness square tube from my makerspace scrap bin. These had come from an office table leg, and were the type of stock that would push the boundaries with any stick welder. Because this is a relatively small welder, I use it with 2.5 mm rods, which as you’d expect will happily blow a hole in a 1 mm tube wall at higher currents. This is why you’d normally use MIG on a task such as this, and indeed at 80 A I was rewarded with something closer to cutting than welding.Dialing back the current to 40 A, I could easily rebuild the hole, and when trying to join two pieces at a right angle I could produce a smooth weld with good integrity. To me, the ability to weld this material is nothing short of amazing, as I’ve never managed to do that on such thin metal with a stick welder. That’s almost car bodywork thickness, I’d never have imagined even an inverter could come close. It’s worth saying as an aside that maintaining an arc at only 40 A is a little more challenging.90003 90004 … And What Are Their Limitations? 90005 90002 I’ve described my Workzone then as a capable little welder that has served me well over the jobs I’ve used it for and which has even surprised me with its capabilities. Where are the deficiencies of it and welders like it, if they’re so good, why do better welders exist? 90003 I’m fine with the electrode holder but the earth clamp could be more substantial. 90002 Construction-wise, these units tend to be robust enough for serious casual users.A sturdy sheet-metal case with decent cooling apertures and a fan to stop overheating, and brass locking connections for the leads. They are nothing special if you are used to other switch-mode power supplies: the usual electronics and a toroidal transformer. The leads are substantial, and on inspection proved to have copper conductors rather than aluminium as I’d feared, and because this was sold through a European distributor everything bears the European standards markings. If you buy a similar welder from an online source it may not have these approvals, so beware appliances with lax safety standards.90003 90002 Where they differ from professional grade welders is in their duty cycle, and probably also in some cases in their claimed capacities. This is not the welder you’d use for large-scale fabrication or to build ships, it’s the one you keep in the shop for short welding tasks, or perhaps you have as a lightweight and portable backup for jobs where your shop welder is just too big to get to. If I was to hazard a guess as to why my dad’s little inverter welder broke down, I’d put the finger on duty cycle: the demands of a blacksmith fitting a piece of work on-site were probably too much for it.So if you’re an occasional welder it’ll be fine, but if you’re using it all the time it might pay to invest a little more. 90003 90002 Then there are the sometimes optimistic specifications quoted on small inverter welders. The Workzone unit is comparatively modest in its capacity at 80 A, but it’s not uncommon to see similar models claiming to be capable of as much as 200 A. When something that only costs a few tens of dollars is promising capacities that seem unrealistic for its price, it’s not unreasonable to assume that exploring its limits will hasten its demise.You get what you pay for, and perhaps if your needs run to more substantial currents it would reward you to pay a little more. 90003 90002 Among the Hackaday readership will be people whose welding skill is far ahead of mine, as well as plenty of people with experience of similar cheap inverter welders. I hope sharing my experiences will help you decide whether or not to try one of these devices, and as always it would be great to hear your views in the comments. 90003 .90000 HOW TO CHOOSE WELDING APPARATUS — TYPES OF WELDING MACHINES, INVERTERS, WELDING EQUIPMENT, TYPES OF ELECTRODES. | | With Your Hands 90001 90002 Welding machine — one of the most sought-after tools among home masters. Put the fence in the cottage, attach the hinges to the garage gates, fix the defrocked water pipe over the winter, connect the armature before pouring the foundation, make the grilles on the windows or simply build a brazier (favorite entertainments for beginners) — any of the tasks requires the use of welding.Besides welding not only cook, but also cut metal, and in such places, where to climb with the help of «Bulgarians» is sometimes unrealistic. For example, if you need to remove an incomprehensible piece of iron from your eyes, do not know who is dead when it is clogged or concreted into the ground, cut the armature when dismantling the old foundation, cut off or heat the tightly screwed connection — here are some more common tasks for which the welding machine will be more than useful. 90003 90002 Of course, it’s easier to hire someone or buy a finished item in a store, but the time spent looking for normal workers and the money to pay for their work will eventually make you think: «Was not it easier to do it yourself?» .And it happens that it’s really easier — the cost of buying an inexpensive welding machine, steel profile, hinges, corners and cans of paint can be quite comparable with the purchase of ready-made poles, gates and wickets for the manufacture of a simple 20 -meter summer garden fence, without any frills and curls. But the technique will then remain on the premises after that, and the next time the savings will be quite appreciable. 90003 90006 Long gone are the times when an electric welder was dragging along on a cart 90007 unbearable welding machine — self-made transformer made by own hands according to the grandfather’s method 90008, which was connected to the wires directly (and, as a rule, to the electric meter).However, these devices remained. With all their shortcomings in comparison with modern (weight, dimensions, complexity of operation, significant power consumption), the welding transformer has two advantages: it is extremely reliable in operation and relatively inexpensive. For industries and enterprises this is often a decisive factor. However, an ordinary user who wants to learn how to cook in his spare time, this device does not fit very well. 90003 90006 90007 The next type of equipment is a welding rectifier 90008.To cook it is a little more convenient, it costs a little more, decently pushes the network, but it is quite reliable in operation and less than a transformer in size and weight. 90003 90006 The most modern apparatus for manual arc welding is considered to be 90007 welding inverter 90008. He has many advantages, especially for work in the house or at the dacha. The first is a very modest weight and dimensions — the apparatus is hung on the shoulder and works so for a long time. Unlike conventional welding machines, where the power transformer operates at a mains frequency of 50 Hz, the welding inverter uses a high frequency current (several dozen kilohertz).At the same time, to transfer the necessary energy, a transformer of much smaller dimensions and mass is required, and welding takes place at a constant current, which provides a better weld. The inverter usually consists of a rectifier, a converter into an alternating voltage of high frequency, a transformer, another rectifier and a control circuit. All inverters operate on power transistors, made using MOSFET or IGBT technology. 90003 90006 MOSFET technology produced the «first generation» of inverters.The devices using it are relatively large in size. IGBT-inverters are capable of operating at a much higher frequency (60-85 kHz), which further reduces their weight. 90003 90006 It is very important that the inverter can easily be plugged into a household outlet, without fear of burning the wiring. Saving energy now is one of the key strategies in the field of environmental protection. Since 2011 in Europe, the EN 61000-3-12 standard has come into force, imposing additional restrictions on equipment connected to the power grid.Inverter units — the most economical, they are most consistent with this standard. 90003 90006 The learning process on a transformer or rectifier will require more effort than teaching welding with an inverter. Learned to work on a welding transformer without problems will go to the inverter, but the reverse transition is much more difficult. The inverter forgives the inexperienced welder of the inevitable mistakes at first. 90003 90006 Disadvantages also exist: 90007 inverter welding machines 90008 are more expensive, do not like dust and moisture, are sensitive to voltage surges.Inside, they have many different electronic components, so in probability theory they fail more quickly than simpler structural transformers or rectifiers. However, with proper care and known accuracy in handling, the inverter will serve no less than «trance». 90003 90028 Required welding equipment 90029 90030 90006 Usually, two welding cables with a length of no more than two meters, equipped with a crocodile connector for attachment to the welded part, an electrode holder (holder) for the work and quick-detachable connectors for attaching to the apparatus, are usually supplied together with the apparatus.90003 90006 To work, you need a welder’s mask. Their choice is great. Many manufacturers, complete with the device, are given a hammer to slag the slag and a simple welding mask made of plastic with a darkened glass. This mask looks like a frying pan with a removable handle, it has to be held with one hand, which is inconvenient. In general, the mask is better to change immediately. To work is much more convenient that she puts on her head. Simple, with a darkened glass can cost 100-200 rubles, and with a filter «chameleon» automatically dimming when an arc occurs — in the area of ​​several thousand.For masking slag mask or protective glasses are also mandatory: beginners are unpleasantly struck by the mystic ability of slag from all possible directions to fly into the eyes. 90003 90006 Even for work will require appropriate clothing, covering the skin from ultraviolet and protecting from splashes. Speckka, boots or boots, rubberized or tarpaulin gloves — this is the minimum set with which you can start work. 90003 90028 What electrodes are needed for welding 90029 90030 90006 If you do not go into details, it’s quite enough for a beginner to know that there are two types of electrodes: for ordinary work and for responsible structures.90003 90006 For the first case all electrodes are suitable (most often on the market there are MR-3 or ANO brands), for the second one it is better than SSSI. True, they are more capricious, they require strong «tweaks» to kindle the arc, a little more welding current, but the quality of welding and the strength of the seam are higher. Electrodes will burn better if they are baked in the oven before use. For ordinary summer work MP-3 or ANO is enough for the eyes. The diameter of the electrode and the welding current are also important for operation.In everyday life, electrodes 2-4 mm are usually used. The rule is this: the thicker the part, the thicker the electrode and the higher the welding current. When working inverter welding current can be understated: for the «two» — 40-60 A, for the «triple» — 80-90 A, for the «four» — 120-150 A. For those values ​​indicated on the box with electrodes, already really cut metal. The specific current indicators depend on the welder’s taste, the kind of seam, the thickness of the parts and are selected experimentally, depending on personal experience and preferences.90003 90028 Tips for choosing a welding inverter — how to choose welding 90029 90030 90006 Today, the market offers dozens of models that differ in price and declared parameters. However, upon closer examination, it turns out that there are far fewer significant differences between the devices than it seems. Almost all inexpensive inverters, under whatever brand they are sold, are now manufactured in China. More expensive European models can use Chinese components, as well as elements inside the Chinese device, such as those produced in Japan, for example.There is nothing strange about this: the globalization of the economy leads to the fact that it is much cheaper to produce a thing in China than in Europe or Russia. 90003 90006 The first and important parameter when selecting is the welding current adjustment range. For household needs, as a rule, it is enough 160-200 And, usually it is necessary to cook on smaller. 90003 90006 Duration of activation (MF). With continuous operation at high currents, the unit may overheat and shut down for cooling.For example, if PV = 30%, keep the arc at the maximum current really 3 minutes from 10, the rest of the time — «rest.» In practice, this means that when trying to burn at the maximum current, several electrodes in series will trigger protection, and the inverter will turn off for a few minutes. With less current, the device can work without interruption for an unlimited time (MF = 100%). In everyday life, there is rarely a need for continuous work without interruption: you need to change the electrodes, inspect the resulting seam, move to another place of welding, so that for these technological interruptions the device will have time to cool down.In practice, in order to achieve protection operation, it is necessary to burn at least two or three thick electrodes at a maximum current, which is very rarely required in real operation. In addition, PV strongly depends on the temperature of the environment: the higher it is, the lower the PV. Most manufacturers of inexpensive devices tactfully avoid this issue. We have to assume that the normal conditions they consider the temperature in 20-25 degrees. The procedure, according to which the well-known European manufacturers indicate PV, is calculated at a temperature of 40 ° C.Therefore, in the European apparatus, the claimed value of PV is usually noticeably lower than that of Chinese analogs, but in reality they withstand higher loads. 90003 90006 Further, it makes sense to pay attention to the idling voltage — the higher, the better. It can be within 50-90 B. 90003 90006 90007 Completeness: 90008 if the wires are attached almost always, then the need for a welding mask and hammer is questionable. They are not very convenient and put in a box rather as a pleasant addition, but for any serious work are not suitable.It will be much more practical to have a suitcase for carrying and storing the inverter in the kit. The inverter itself has a handle or belt that allows you to hang it on your shoulder during operation. 90003 90006 90007 Protection from dust and moisture. 90008 The protection class of the inverter is usually IP21, that is, «from large particles and steep rain drops», less often IP23 ( «from oblique rain»). However, you can not conduct welding operations in the rain. In addition to the fact that it is forbidden by safety rules, if the moisture gets inside the inverter can burn.The same applies to dust. Especially dangerous is metal dust, so do not turn on the «bulgark» near the operating inverter. From time to time, the lid of the device should be removed and thoroughly purged with air. 90003 90006 90007 Power consumption. 90008 Most often it is indicated in kVA, less often in kW (which is not entirely correct). This parameter is also valid only when working at the maximum current. The user should read the instructions carefully and pay attention to the recommended mains fuse for operation.Usually enough 16-25 A, that is, the device can be included in the household network without its rework. The power consumption of the inverter is still much higher than that of a light bulb or an electric kettle. Therefore, before turning on it is worth checking the condition of the sockets, wires and extension cord. When welding, the welding cables must be screwed into the machine to the stop, and an appropriate fuse or automatic device is installed at the input. Do not turn off the inverter from the network immediately after the end of work, it is better to wait for the fan to cool the heated radiators sufficiently.It is also not advisable to turn the inverter on or off from the network, bypassing the switch on the device: a possible voltage surge is extremely harmful to electronics. 90003 90006 An important factor in choosing an inverter for home or professional work is the question of its maintainability. At purchase it is necessary to specify in advance addresses of workshops of guarantee and service repair. If the repair of the device is possible only at a considerable distance from the place of work with it, it makes sense to choose an inverter of a simpler type: it is much easier to fix it and it will be cheaper.90003 90028 Additional functions of the welding machine 90029 90030 90006 «Friendliness» of the inverter to the consumer is explained, in particular, by the presence of various additional functions. 90003 90074 90075 Hot Start — facilitates ignition of the welding arc due to the increased initial current at the moment of its ignition. 90076 90075 Arc Force — when the electrode approaches the part too fast, it increases the welding current, preventing sticking. 90076 90075 Anti-Stick — reduces the welding current in case of sticking of the electrode, giving time for its detachment.90076 90081 90006 To some extent, these functions are present in each model, in simple welding machines the manufacturer does not even always note them in the instructions. But, of course, in more modern, high-quality and expensive 90007 welding machines 90008 functions are implemented much more pleasantly for the consumer. Words can not explain this: you feel the result in the process of work and when examining the resulting seam. 90003 90006 90007 Ability to work from a gasoline generator.90008 Many inverters are able to work without problems from household power generators with a power of at least 5 kVA, however in each specific case it is necessary to clarify this question in the instruction. 90003 90006 90007 Body work. 90008 With a known skill, a small current and small electrodes, the inverter can really be used in a workshop. However, such work requires high qualification of the welder. For auto repair much more convenient welding semi-automatic. 90003 90006 90007 The ability to boil other metals.90008 Many machines can also cast cast iron and stainless steel at the appropriate electrodes, and some, in addition to manual arc welding (MMA), also support argon-arc (TIG) and are able to brew non-ferrous metals. But for work «argon» (more precisely, a refractory tungsten electrode) it is necessary to buy additional equipment, which is completely unnecessary for a beginner. In general, it should be understood that welding is a creative process, in order to achieve certain results, experience is first and foremost, and as it emerges and if desired, very interesting results can be achieved, including welding of more complex and responsible structures .90003 90098 90028 Choose an inverter welding machine (2) 90029 90030 90006 Electric welding has now become a matter of inverter technology, and with it the work is arguing even in inexperienced hands! Technologically, the process can occur in different ways, the types of welding electrodes, the degree of mechanization, the ways to protect the welding zone and the operator are different. However, the basis is always the same physical phenomenon — the electric arc (incidentally, opened more than 200 years ago, the Russian scientist Vasily Petrov).90003 90006 90007 Principle of inverter welding 90008 90003 90006 The essence of the phenomenon is that under certain conditions a plasma flash appears between two closely spaced and conductive objects, which closes the electric circuit. The temperature of the plasma language — the electric arc — is about 7000 «C. This value is abundant enough to melt any metal. However, along with the fusion, there are other processes: the connection of the metal with oxygen and nitrogen from the air, and even the evaporation of the metal.As a result, the metal layer becomes thinner, and scale is formed on the surface. 90003 90006 For a smooth, smooth, car body repair work, this type of welding is not suitable, and for fitting reinforcement — easily. 90003 90006 The electrode brand is selected according to the tables, for a specific alloy taking into account the position of the operation of the welded part, the deposition coefficient, the presence or absence of a protective coating on the parts. As for the welding equipment, the old transformer machines were replaced by inverters, much lighter and more convenient in operation, but also more expensive.In our hit parade, it is the inverter machines that are presented, as they are the best option for domestic use. 90003 90114 90006 90116 The operating temperature range for welding by an inverter is usually from -15 to + 40 ° C. At lower temperatures, special electronics are required. In addition, many household appliances are afraid of dust, at least for their storage, a sealed case is recommended. 90117 90003 90119 90006 90007 MMA technology 90008 90003 90006 Electrode welding using MMA technology is as follows.Two welding cables with clamps are installed to the inverter welding machine by means of high-speed connections. One clamp goes to «mass», the other — «holder» — allows the operator to control the electrode. Under the influence of a high-power current obtained by transforming the parameters of a conventional consumer network, an electric arc arises between the base metal and the electrode, the edges of the parts and the electrode are fused. After the crystallization of the seam as a result of its cooling, a strong joint is formed.The resulting by-products are removed with a metal brush. The technology is used to connect steel, iron, cast iron parts, its implementation is possible in a wide range of temperatures and with a strong wind. 90003 90006 90007 TIG Technology 90008 90003 90006 With argon-arc welding, the working area is isolated from the effect of air, that is, on the possibility of nitrogen and oxygen coming into the reaction with metals. It is carried out by means of melting and non-consumable electrodes.The method of welding with a non-consumable electrode in a protective medium is called TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas, that is, «Tungsten and inert gas»), tungsten really belongs to the most refractory metals, on its basis, and produce non- consumable electrodes. The method is used for welding articles made of non-ferrous metals and their alloys. It allows to obtain high quality joints, to provide sufficient strength even with a small thickness of the seam. This is especially true for thin sheet metal. The main drawback of manual TIG is low performance.In everyday life, it is used relatively rarely, since it requires certain knowledge and training. 90003 90006 90007 MIG-MAG technology 90008 90003 90006 In the role of a melting electrode, when welding in a protective gas environment, filler wire protrudes, which is fed by an automatic device built into the gas burner. The method is called semi-automatic welding, or shorter — MIG-MAG. The abbreviation MIG stands for Metal Inert Gas and MAG for Metal Active Gas. In the second case, carbon dioxide or a gas mixture / 90003 90006 The method is used for welding steels and alloys of aluminum, non-ferrous metals, is characterized by high quality and high productivity, and even lack of scale.90003 90006 90007 Universal Assistant 90008 90003 90006 Household universal devices with semi-automatic control are designed for a wide range of works. This is also welding with solid wire, and piece electrodes or non-melting tungsten electrode. In such devices on the rear panel there is a connection for connection of a gas hose for welding under gas protection. For welding with TIG technology, a special burner is connected instead of a clamp with an electrode. For welding with MIG-MAG technology, the coil with wire is installed in the machine before starting work.The end of the wire is passed through the drive roller and inserted into the feed channel, the retainer 90003 90006 adjusts the tension. From the burner for MIG-MAG, the nozzle and contact tip are removed, the wire feed button is pressed. When the wire comes out more than 3 cm, the nozzle and tip are put in place. The type of welding, the type of gas, and the diameter of the wire are set on the control panel. Due to the automation of the wire feeding process, the seam turns out to be neat, even.90003 90006 PV-factor 90003 90006 The factor of discontinuity of the inverter (PV-factor) characterizes the possible intensity of its operation, that is, the mode of work and rest. The indicator is calculated for the 10-minute interval as a percentage of the load time to the rest time required for cooling. Either way, the welding process requires a break to replace the electrode, remove the slag, visual control of the seam. So, in professional models the percentage of working time is high, and in household devices it is much lower.The payload is calculated for different current values ​​and is indicated on the machine as a table. In the characteristics of the model itself, the PV value for the maximum current intensity is usually indicated. The mode of work and rest must be strictly observed in order to avoid overheating of the equipment and its failure. 90003 90006 90007 Mask of the welder 90008 90003 90006 The work of a welder requires compliance with safety regulations. The main thing, perhaps, is the protection of eyesight, because the excessively strong light energy of the arc in the process of welding control will inevitably cause burns on the cornea.In old-style masks, the necessary black-out level was selected manually by installing a glass with a certain filter. New models use the «chameleon» technology. The light transmitting ability of a chameleon coated glass in the occurrence of an electric arc instantly decreases to a safe level, but provides visual control over the process. By the extinction of the arc, the glass acquires the usual degree of transparency. 90003 90158 90007 5 useful welding machine functions 90008 90029 90162 90006 1.Welding current control — allows you to set the current to the selected electrode cross section. Typically, the control panel indicates the recommended values. 90003 90006 2. 90007 Antistick 90008 — prevents sticking of the electrode. 90003 90006 Z. 90007 Arc Force 90008 — prevents sticking of the electrode at the moment of detachment of the metal droplet (when the electrode, we can say, completes its mission). 90003 90006 4. 90007 Hot Start 90008 — allows to excite the electric arc from the first time due to instantaneous and short-term increase in the current at the start.90003 90006 5. 90007 VRD 90008 — due to the decrease in the idling voltage, it is possible to work in conditions of high humidity, without fear of getting an electric shock. 90003 90006 © Author: T. Gronskaya 90003 90098 90184 90185 TOOLS FOR MASTERS AND MASTERS, AND HOME GOODS ARE VERY CHEAP. FREE SHIPPING. 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